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A neck mass or neck lump is an ambiguous mass found in the neck area. There are many different possible causes, [1] including head and neck cancer [2] and congenital conditions like branchial anomalies and thyroglossal duct cysts. [3]
Cervical thymic cyst is a very rare pathology that is often incidentally found due to its asymptomatic nature. The patient usually notices a neck mass that grows slowly which triggers them to see a clinician and be admitted to the hospital. [3] However, it can cause symptoms as it grows in size and compresses on other organs.
Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix or in any layer of the wall of the cervix. [2] It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that can invade or spread to other parts of the body. [12] Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. [2] Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse. [2]
The diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts is typically done clinically due to their relatively consistent location in the neck, typically anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. For masses presenting in adulthood , the presumption should be a malignancy until proven otherwise, since carcinomas of the tonsil, tongue base and thyroid may all ...
The most usual signs and symptoms are the appearance of a chronic, painless mass in the neck, which is persistent and usually grows with time.The mass is referred to as a "cold abscess", because there is no accompanying local color or warmth and the overlying skin acquires a violaceous (bluish-purple) color.
An appropriate differential diagnosis depends upon location of the ectopic thymus. For cervical ectopic thymus, the differential diagnosis should include additional causes of neck masses. This includes common causes of neck masses in children, including: thyroglossal duct cyst. [6] [10] branchial cleft cyst. [10] dermoid cyst. [10]
Thyroglossal cysts can be defined as an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the formation of the thyroid gland during developmental stages. [1] Thyroglossal cysts are the most common cause of midline neck masses and are generally located caudal to (below) the hyoid bone.
The final diagnosis of cervical cancer, including the stage of the cancer, is confirmed with additional testing. [ 12 ] Cancer staging is determined by where the tumor is located, the size of the tumor, and how much the tumor has spread beyond where it originally began, such as to nearby lymph nodes or different parts of the body.