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The first tin alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of 1 ⁄ 8 tin and 7 ⁄ 8 copper (12.5% and 87.5% respectively), from as early as 3000 BC. After 600 BC, pure metallic tin was produced. After 600 BC, pure metallic tin was produced.
The earliest gold artifacts were discovered at the site of Wadi Qana in the Levant. [13] Silver is estimated to have been discovered in Asia Minor shortly after copper and gold. [14] There is evidence that iron was known from before 5000 BC. [15] The oldest known iron objects used by humans are some beads of meteoric iron, made in Egypt in ...
2000 – CERN announced quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter. [28] 2023 – Physicists from US and China discovered a new state of matter called the chiral bose-liquid state [29] 2024 – Harvard researchers working with Quantinuum announced a new phase of matter non-Abelian topological order [30]
Ferroelectricity gets discovered in Rochelle salt by Joseph Valasek. [54] Hermann Staudinger, suggest that small molecules can be link together through covalent bonds to form polymer. [55] Wilhelm Lenz describes for the first time the Ising model as a model for magnetism in matter.
It has been claimed that tin was first mined in Europe around 2500 BC in the Erzgebirge, and knowledge of tin bronze and tin extraction techniques spread from there to Brittany and Cornwall around 2000 BC and from northwestern Europe to northwestern Spain and Portugal around the same time. [19]
1995: Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman and Wolfgang Ketterle attained the first Bose-Einstein Condensate with atomic gases, so called fifth state of matter at an extremely low temperature. 1996: Roslin Institute: Dolly the sheep was cloned. [130] 1997: CDF and DØ experiments at Fermilab: Top quark.
For all of NASA’s high-tech advancements, it may surprise you to know that the agency used regular kitchen aluminum foil to save one of its most famous missions.
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.