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A Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood or Certificate of Degree of Alaska Native Blood (both abbreviated CDIB) is an official U.S. document that certifies an individual possesses a specific fraction of Native American ancestry of a federally recognized Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or community. [1]
Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are laws that define Native Americans in the United States status by fractions of Native American ancestry. These laws were enacted by the federal government and state governments as a way to establish legally defined racial population groups .
Native Americans in the United States are defined by citizenship, culture, and familial relationships, not race. [120] [121] Having never defined Native American identity as racial, [120] historically, Native Americans have commonly practiced what mainstream society defines as interracial marriage, which has affected racial ideas of blood ...
Anthropologist Kim TallBear describes some individuals asserting Native American ancestry based on DNA testing, who begin searching for "Cherokee ancestral lines" after this. She states, however, "There is no DNA test to prove you're Native American", [9] and that this group mostly continues to identify as white. [10]
Some tribes have a blood quantum requirement for citizenship. Others use other methods, such as lineal descent.While almost two-thirds of all federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States require a certain blood quantum for citizenship, [15] tribal nations are sovereign nations, with a government to government relationship with the United States, and set their own enrollment criteria.
Today's improved genetic testing can help African Americans pinpoint their ancestry with greater precision than ever.
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