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Both chiasmus and antimetabole can be used to reinforce antithesis. [6] In chiasmus, the clauses display inverted parallelism.Chiasmus was particularly popular in the literature of the ancient world, including Hebrew, Greek, Latin and K'iche' Maya, [7] where it was used to articulate the balance of order within the text.
An example of chiastic structure would be two ideas, A and B, together with variants A' and B', being presented as A,B,B',A'. Chiastic structures that involve more components are sometimes called "ring structures" or "ring compositions". These may be regarded as chiasmus scaled up from words and clauses to larger segments of text.
Antithesis involves putting together two opposite ideas in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. [12] [page needed] Contrast is emphasised by parallel but similar structures of the opposing phrases or clauses to draw the listeners' or readers' attention. Compared to chiasmus, the ideas must be opposites. Some rise by sin, and some by ...
Asyndeton (UK: / æ ˈ s ɪ n d ɪ t ən, ə-/, US: / ə ˈ s ɪ n d ə t ɒ n, ˌ eɪ-/; [1] [2] from the Greek: ἀσύνδετον, "unconnected", sometimes called asyndetism) is a literary scheme in which one or several conjunctions are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses.
In rhetoric, antimetabole (/ æ n t ɪ m ə ˈ t æ b ə l iː / AN-ti-mə-TAB-ə-lee) is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed order; for example, "I know what I like, and I like what I know". It is related to, and sometimes considered a special case of, chiasmus. An antimetabole can be predictive, because it is easy ...
The second example pairs a gerund with a regular noun. Parallelism can be achieved by converting both terms to gerunds or to infinitives. The final phrase of the third example does not include a definite location, such as "across the yard" or "over the fence"; rewriting to add one completes the sentence's parallelism.
The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms offers a much broader definition for zeugma by defining it as any case of parallelism and ellipsis working together so that a single word governs two or more parts of a sentence.
The negative-positive antithesis and the antimetabole-antithesis can be combined, as in the following sentence: Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country. – Inauguration of John F. Kennedy, 1961. An antithesis can also be combined with synonymous parallelism. In the following example, the first (A, A ...