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The American Cancer Society also stated that "natural" and "bioidentical" hormones present the same risks as synthetic hormone replacement therapy such as heart disease, blood clots, strokes and an increased risk of breast cancer with long-term use. [52]
Moreover, breast cancer risk is heightened following use of the combined oral contraceptive pill and combined hormone replacement therapy. [4] Armed with this evidence that endogenous and exogenous changes in estrogen and progesterone levels modulate the risk of breast cancer, it is apparent that hormones can play a key role in breast cancer.
Estrogen is a sex-hormone that plays a major role in women's body function. [20] Estrogen also plays a major role in stimulating breast cancer as it binds and activates the estrogen receptor (ER). When the ER is activated it activates other genes that are responsible for multiple actions of the breast cancer.
[1] [36] [37] Additionally, other epidemiological studies found that consumption of soy estrogens is safe for patients with breast cancer, and that it may decrease mortality and recurrence rates. [ 1 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] It remains unclear if phytoestrogens can minimize some of the deleterious effects of low estrogen levels ( hypoestrogenism ...
Xenoestrogens are a type of xenohormone that imitates estrogen.They can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds.Synthetic xenoestrogens include some widely used industrial compounds, such as PCBs, BPA, and phthalates, which have estrogenic effects on a living organism even though they differ chemically from the estrogenic substances produced internally by the endocrine system of any ...
Ongoing areas of clinical research include optimizing adjuvant hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Tamoxifen (a SERM ) traditionally was the drug treatment of choice, but the ATAC trial ( A rimidex, T amoxifen, A lone or in C ombination) showed that in women with localized estrogen receptor -positive breast cancer ...
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