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Cumulative distribution function for the exponential distribution Cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution. In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable, or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that will take a value less than or equal to .
The simplest case of a normal distribution is known as the standard normal distribution or unit normal distribution. This is a special case when μ = 0 {\textstyle \mu =0} and σ 2 = 1 {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}=1} , and it is described by this probability density function (or density): φ ( z ) = e − z 2 2 2 π . {\displaystyle \varphi (z ...
Diagram showing the cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution with mean (μ) 0 and variance (σ 2) 1. These numerical values "68%, 95%, 99.7%" come from the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution. The prediction interval for any standard score z corresponds numerically to (1 − (1 − Φ μ,σ 2 (z)) · 2).
The cumulant-generating function exists if and only if the tails of the distribution are majorized by an exponential decay, that is, (see Big O notation) >, = (),; >, = (), +; where is the cumulative distribution function.
and Φ is the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution. Alternatively, the noncentral t -distribution CDF can be expressed as [ citation needed ] : F v , μ ( x ) = { 1 2 ∑ j = 0 ∞ 1 j !
A random variate defined as = (() + (() ())) + with the cumulative distribution function and its inverse, a uniform random number on (,), follows the distribution truncated to the range (,). This is simply the inverse transform method for simulating random variables.
The normal-exponential-gamma distribution; The normal-inverse Gaussian distribution; The Pearson Type IV distribution (see Pearson distributions) The Quantile-parameterized distributions, which are highly shape-flexible and can be parameterized with data using linear least squares. The skew normal distribution
If () is a general scalar-valued function of a normal vector, its probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and inverse cumulative distribution function can be computed with the numerical method of ray-tracing (Matlab code). [17]