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Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. It is often performed because vaginal delivery would put the mother or child at risk (of paralysis or even death). [ 2 ]
Caesaropapism—The term is composed of two parts: Caesar, a title, and Papism. [127] [128] Caesarean section—Though often thought to be named after Julius Caesar, the term may instead derive from the Latin verb caedare, meaning "to cut", or from Lex Caesarea, formerly Lex Regia. [129] [130] [c]
Conversely, if the fetus has reached the point of viability, a prompt birth via Caesarean section offers the best chance of survival. [4] Even if there is no reasonable prospect of maternal resuscitation (for example, after a nonsurvivable injury or prolonged cardiac arrest), the procedure can still serve this purpose.
A lower (uterine) segment caesarean section (LSCS) is the most commonly used type of caesarean section. [1] Most commonly, a baby is delivered by making a transverse incision in the lower uterine segment, above the attachment of the urinary bladder to the uterus.
It is similar to the Pfannenstiel incision, another commonly used incision in obstetric surgery. The Joel-Cohen cesarean section technique relies more heavily on blunt dissection than the traditional Pfannenstiel technique. [1] Joel-Cohen technique has lower rates of fever, hospital stay, post-operative pain and blood loss compared to Pfannenstiel.
Although caesarean sections made up only 5% of all deliveries in the early 1970s, [21] among women who did have primary caesarean sections, the century-old opinion held, "Once a caesarean, always a caesarean." Overall, cesarean sections became so commonplace that the caesarean delivery rate climbed to over 31% in 2006. [4]
Requirements for a second opinion from an additional doctor before giving a caesarean section has a small effect on reducing the rate of unnecessary caesarean sections. [17] Communities of health care providers who peer review each other and come to agreement about the necessity of caesarean sections tend to use them less frequently. [17]
This practice is probably much older than Julius Caesar, and "C-sections", as performed by the Romans, were done to rescue the baby from a dying or already dead mother, and were performed post-mortem. [23] The fact that Julius Caesar's mother Aurelia Cotta lived for decades after Caesar's birth makes this etymology highly unlikely. [24]