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It is used to prevent and treat lack of calcium and vitamin D in the elderly, as well for osteoporosis in combination with other medications. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In 2022, the combination, calcium/vitamin D was the 246th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid. It is commonly used as a food additive ( E333 ), usually as a preservative , but sometimes for flavor . In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate .
It is the calcium salt of citric acid and malic acid with variable composition. Calcium citrate malate's bioavailability stems from its water-solubility and its method of dissolution. When dissolved, it releases calcium ions and a calcium citrate complex. Calcium citrate malate is similar to calcium malate and other calcium salts.
To maintain blood levels of calcium, therapeutic vitamin D doses are sometimes administered (up to 100 000 IU or 2.5 mg daily) to patients who have had their parathyroid glands removed (most commonly kidney dialysis patients who have had tertiary hyperparathyroidism, but also to patients with primary hyperparathyroidism) or with ...
Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
Osteoporosis can be a long-term effect of calcium and/or vitamin D insufficiency, the latter contributing by reducing calcium absorption. [2] In the absence of confirmed vitamin D deficiency there is no evidence that vitamin D supplementation without concomitant calcium slows or stops the progression of osteomalacia to osteoporosis. [9]