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6 weeks to 4 months Stage 3 – Secondary Circular Reactions: 4 months to 8 months Stage 4 – Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions: 8 months to 12 months Stage 5 – Tertiary Circular Reactions: 12 months to 18 months Stage 6 – Mental Representation: 18 months to 24 months
Physical development. By this age, infants may have doubled their birth weights. They typically grow about 0.8 inches (2.0 cm) and gain about 1 to 1.5 pounds (450 to 680 g) during this month. [28] Fat rolls ("Baby Fat") begin to appear on thighs, upper arms and neck. Motor development. May be able to roll from front to back. [29]
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (version 4 was released September 2019) is a standard series of measurements originally developed by psychologist Nancy Bayley used primarily to assess the development of infants and toddlers, ages 1–42 months. [1]
This timeline provides a general outline of expected developments from birth to age one. Babbling usually lasts 6–9 months in total. [4] The babbling period ends at around 12 months because it is the age when first words usually occur. However, individual children can show large variability, and this timeline is only a guideline.
Atypical motor development such as persistent primitive reflexes beyond 4–6 months, or delayed walking may be an indication of developmental delays or conditions such as autism, cerebral palsy, or down syndrome. [53] Lower motor coordination results in difficulties with speed accuracy and with trade-off in complex tasks.
Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age.
The vision of infants under one month of age ranges from 6/240 to 6/60 (20/800 to 20/200). [4] By two months, visual acuity improves to 6/45 (20/150). By four months, acuity improves by a factor of 2 – calculated to be 6/18 (20/60) vision. As the infant grows, the acuity reaches the healthy adult standard of 6/6 (20/20) at six months. [5]
Painting from 1892 of an infant learning to walk. Taking their first independent steps, typically in the months after their first birthday, is often seen as one of the major milestones in the early years of a child's life. [6] Toddler development can be broken down into a number of interrelated areas. [7]