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Mangrove forests, also called mangrove swamps, mangrove thickets or mangals, are productive wetlands that occur in coastal intertidal zones. [1] [2] Mangrove forests grow mainly at tropical and subtropical latitudes because mangrove trees cannot withstand freezing temperatures. There are about 80 different species of mangroves, all of which ...
Mangroves are hardy shrubs and trees that thrive in salt water and have specialised adaptations so they can survive the volatile energies of intertidal zones along marine coasts. A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal ...
The species can tolerate high salinity by excreting salts through its leaves. [4] The grey mangrove is a highly variable tree, with a number of ecotypes, and in forms closely resembling other species. It has been reported to tolerate extreme weather conditions, high winds, and various pests and diseases.
Reflection of mangrove trees in the Bakhawan Eco-Park in Panay, Philippines. In the 1920s, the Philippines had a mangrove cover estimated at between 4,000 km 2 (1,500 sq mi) to 5,000 km 2 (1,900 sq mi). It dropped to a low of 1,600 km 2 (620 sq mi) by 1994.
In Jacksonville, just south of the newly discovered Georgia mangroves, average winter temperatures have risen 3.4 degrees over the past half-century, according to the organization Climate Central.
The presence of mangroves augments and helps maintain many of the benefits provided by salt ponds, such as: [3] [5] Mangrove salt ponds provide habitat for migratory species and critical nursery habitat for threatened and endangered species. Mangrove trees filter run off from upland sources. Mangrove trees absorb wave energy during tropical storms
A mangrove can reach up to 80 ft (24 m) in height in ideal conditions, but it is commonly found at a more modest 20 ft (6.1 m). Its bark is thick and a grey-brown color. Mangrove leaves are 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) wide and 3–5 in (7.6–12.7 cm) long, with smooth margins and an elliptical shape.
Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. Further examples are coral reefs and seagrass meadows , which are both found in warm, shallow coastal waters.