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A QRISK over 10 (10% risk of CVD event over the next ten years) indicates that primary prevention with lipid lowering therapy (such as statins) should be considered. [2] In the UK, current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend using QRISK (as opposed to the Framingham Risk Score). [2]
Cardiovascular risk screening refers to the process of assessing an individual's likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases.The main aim of screening is to identify risk factors early and adopt preventive measures to reduce morbidity and mortality.
It assigns scores to individuals based on risk factors; a higher score reflects higher risk. The score reflects the level of risk in the presence of some risk factors (e.g. risk of mortality or disease in the presence of symptoms or genetic profile, risk financial loss considering credit and financial history, etc.).
The Guideline Development Group then finalises the recommendations and the National Collaboration Centre produces the final guideline. This is submitted to NICE to formally approve the guideline and issue the guidance to the NHS. [citation needed] To date NICE has produced more than 200 different guidelines. [27]
The Framingham Risk Score is a sex-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. The Framingham Risk Score was first developed based on data obtained from the Framingham Heart Study , to estimate the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease. [ 1 ]
The SCORE risk estimation is based on the following risk factors: gender, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and estimates fatal cardiovascular disease events over a ten-year period. [citation needed] HeartScore is one of the tools developed to implement the 2007 European guidelines on CVD prevention in clinical practice. [2]
In the UK, the Royal College of Physicians developed the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in 2012 to replace local or regional scores. [16] [17] [18] The NEWS score is the largest national EWS effort to date and has been adopted by some international healthcare services. [1] A second version of the score was introduced in 2017.
In patients with UA/NSTEMI, the TIMI risk score is a prognostication scheme that categorizes a patient's risk of death and ischemic events and provides a basis for therapeutic decision making. [1] TIMI Score Calculation (1 point for each): Age ≥ 65 years; Known coronary artery disease (CAD) (stenosis ≥ 50%) ≥ 3 risk factors for CAD*