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Multitasking is a common feature of computer operating systems since at least the 1960s. It allows more efficient use of the computer hardware; when a program is waiting for some external event such as a user input or an input/output transfer with a peripheral to complete, the central processor can still be used with another program.
Multi-user software is computer software that allows access by multiple users of a computer. [1] Time-sharing systems are multi-user systems. Most batch processing systems for mainframe computers may also be considered "multi-user", to avoid leaving the CPU idle while it waits for I/O operations to complete.
Concurrency is pervasive in computing, occurring from low-level hardware on a single chip to worldwide networks. Examples follow. At the programming language level: Channel; Coroutine; Futures and promises; At the operating system level: Computer multitasking, including both cooperative multitasking and preemptive multitasking
Even though it is very difficult to further speed up a single thread or single program, most computer systems are actually multitasking among multiple threads or programs. Thus, techniques that improve the throughput of all tasks result in overall performance gains. Two major techniques for throughput computing are multithreading and ...
In computing, time-sharing is the concurrent sharing of a computing resource among many tasks or users by giving each task or user a small slice of processing time. This quick switch between tasks or users gives the illusion of simultaneous execution. [1] [2] It enables multi-tasking by a single user or enables multiple-user sessions.
Multitasking may refer to: Computer multitasking, the concurrent execution of multiple tasks (also known as processes) over a certain period of time Cooperative multitasking; Pre-emptive multitasking; Human multitasking, the apparent performance by an individual of handling more than one task at the same time
The process issues a system call (sometimes called a software interrupt); for example, an I/O request occurs requesting to access a file on a hard disk. A hardware interrupt occurs; for example, a key was pressed on the keyboard, or a timer runs out (used in preemptive multitasking).
For example, Lee and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli have demonstrated that a so-called "tagged-signal" model can be used to provide a common framework for defining the denotational semantics of a variety of different models of concurrency, [11] while Nielsen, Sassone, and Winskel have demonstrated that category theory can be used to provide a similar ...