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UV-328 is a light stabilizer for a variety of plastics and other organic substrates. Its use is recommended for the stabilization of styrene homopolymers and copolymers, acrylic polymers, unsaturated polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyacetals, polyvinyl butyral, elastomers and adhesives. [5]
A wide range of stabilizers is therefore needed. The market for antioxidant stabilisers alone was estimated at US$1.69 billion for 2017, [3] with the total market for all polymer stabilizers expected to reach US$6.5 billion by 2033. In 2023, almost half of all polymer stabilizers sold worldwide were based on calcium, followed by lead (25.1 % ...
Perhaps surprisingly, the effect of temperature is often greater than the effect of UV exposure. [5] This can be seen in terms of the Arrhenius equation, which shows that reaction rates have an exponential dependence on temperature. By comparison the dependence of degradation rate on UV exposure and the availability of oxygen is broadly linear.
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Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are chemical compounds containing an amine functional group that are used as stabilizers in plastics and polymers. [1] These compounds are typically derivatives of tetramethylpiperidine and are primarily used to protect the polymers from the effects of photo-oxidation; as opposed to other forms of polymer degradation such as ozonolysis.
2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazoles, also referred to as phenolic benzotriazoles, are an important class of UV absorbers [1] comprising the benzotriazole building block. Structure [ edit ]
There are monofunctional, bifunctional, and polyfunctional stabilizers. Some kinds of stabilizers are: [3] [4] antioxidants these prevent autoxidation of materials and come in 3 primary forms. Oxygen scavengers (primarily phosphite esters such as tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite) are commonly used during the initial processing of the plastic.
[2] [3] Reflection and scattering are accomplished by inorganic physical UV filters, such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Absorption, mainly of UVB, is done by organic UV filters, which are known as chemical UV filters. [4] The levels of UV filters in sunscreens typically vary from 0.5% to 10%, although they sometimes reach 25 ...