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Alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [11] sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is the second most consumed psychoactive drug globally behind caffeine. [12] Alcohol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, decreasing electrical activity of neurons in the brain. [13]
Within the medical and scientific communities, there is a broad consensus regarding alcoholism as a disease state. For example, the American Medical Association considers alcohol a drug and states that "drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite often devastating consequences.
According to a hadith where Imam Ahmad recorded what Abu Maysarah said, the verses came after requests by `Umar to Allah, to "Give us a clear ruling regarding Al-Khamr!" [13] Many Muslims believe the verses were revealed over time in this order to gradually nudge Muslim converts away from drunkenness and towards total sobriety, as to ban alcohol abruptly would have been too harsh and impractical.
After tobacco, alcohol accounts for a higher burden of disease than any other drug. Alcohol use is a major cause of preventable liver disease worldwide, and alcoholic liver disease is the main alcohol-related chronic medical illness. [6] Millions of people of all ages, from adolescents to the elderly, engage in unhealthy drinking. [7]
IUPAC name IARC carcinogen group Toxic metabolite(s) Alcohol by volume (ABV) [1] LD50 in rat, oral [2]; Ethanol: Group 1: Acetaldehyde → acetic acid Up to 95.6% in rectified spirit
Alcohol abuse encompasses a spectrum of alcohol-related substance abuse, ranging from the consumption of more than 2 drinks per day on average for men, or more than 1 drink per day on average for women, to binge drinking or alcohol use disorder. Alcohol advertising Alcohol advertising on college campuses Alcohol and Native Americans
The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...
A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that there is no definitive link between alcohol-based mouthwash use and the risk of oral cancer. [21] This should not be confused with the fact that alcohol consumption at any quantity is a risk factor for alcohol and cancer such as cancers of the mouth, esophagus, pharynx and larynx. [22]