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  2. VGA text mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGA_text_mode

    Each screen character is represented by two bytes aligned as a 16-bit word accessible by the CPU in a single operation. The lower (or character) byte is the actual code point for the current character set, and the higher (or attribute) byte is a bit field used to select various video attributes such as color, blinking, character set, and so forth. [6]

  3. Color Graphics Adapter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter

    In this mode, the video picture is stored as a simple bitmap, with one bit per pixel setting the color to "foreground" or "background". By default the colors are black and bright white, but the foreground color can be changed to any entry in the 16-color CGA palette. The background color cannot be changed from black on an original IBM CGA card.

  4. Video Graphics Array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array

    VGA section on the motherboard in IBM PS/55. The color palette random access memory (RAM) and its corresponding digital-to-analog converter (DAC) were integrated into one chip (the RAMDAC) and the cathode-ray tube controller was integrated into a main VGA chip, which eliminated several other chips in previous graphics adapters, so VGA only additionally required external video RAM and timing ...

  5. Display Data Channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channel

    Display Data Channel (DDC) is a collection of protocols for digital communication between a computer display and a graphics adapter that enable the display to communicate its supported display modes to the adapter and that enable the computer host to adjust monitor parameters, such as brightness and contrast.

  6. List of monochrome and RGB color formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monochrome_and_RGB...

    In some systems, as Hercules and CGA graphic cards for the IBM PC, a bit value of 1 represents white pixels (light on) and a value of 0 the black ones (light off); others, like the Atari ST and Apple Macintosh with monochrome monitors, a bit value of 0 means a white pixel (no ink) and a value of 1 means a black pixel (dot of ink), which it ...

  7. Display lag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_lag

    Nevertheless, this is almost identical to the use of casual stopwatches on two monitors using a "clone view" monitor setup as it does not care about the missing synchronisation between the composite video signal and the display of the laptop's screen or the display lag of that screen or the detail that the vertical screen refresh of the two ...

  8. Hercules Graphics Card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_Graphics_Card

    The Hercules Graphics Card was released to fill a gap in the IBM video product lineup. When the IBM Personal Computer was launched in 1981, it had two graphics cards available: the Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) and the Monochrome Display And Printer Adapter (MDA).

  9. File:VGA palette with black borders.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VGA_palette_with...

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