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The historian Alice Clark published a study in 1919 on women's participation in guilds during the Medieval period. She argued that the guild system empowered women to participate in family businesses. This viewpoint, among others of Clark's, has been criticized by fellow historians, and has sparked debate in scholarly circles.
The guilds, medieval institutions that organized every aspect of a city's economic life, formed a social network that complemented and in part compensated for family ties, although in Florence the welfare side of the guilds' activities was less than in many cities. [2]
This is a list of guilds in the United Kingdom. It includes guilds of merchants and other trades, both those relating to specific trades, and the general guilds merchant in Glasgow and Preston. No religious guilds survive, and the guilds of freemen in some towns and cities are not listed. Almost all guilds were founded by the end of the 17th ...
Amongst these early guilds were the "guilds merchants", who ran the local markets in towns and represented the merchant community in discussions with the crown. [37] Other early guilds included the "craft guilds", representing specific trades. By 1130 there were major weavers' guilds in six English towns, as well as a fullers guild in ...
By 1130 there were major weavers' guilds in six English towns, as well as a fullers' guild in Winchester. [114] Over the following decades more guilds were created, often becoming increasingly involved in both local and national politics, although the guilds merchants were largely replaced by official groups established by new royal charters. [115]
The Hanseatic League [a] was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German towns in the late 12th century, the League expanded between the 13th and 15th centuries and ultimately encompassed nearly 200 settlements across eight modern-day countries, ranging from Estonia in the north and east, to the ...
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup.
The guild of St James Garlickhithe held a feast for its members; each guild member was expected to pay 20 pence (1s. 8d.), around four to five days' wages for a skilled worker in the late 14th century. In the early 15th century guild members at the guild of the Holy Cross at Statford paid around sixpence.