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In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.
Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point. Connected survey lines form the framework and the directions and lengths of the survey lines are measured with an angle measuring instrument and tape or chain. [2]
The orientation of coordinate axes differs depending on the space in which the normal map was encoded. A straightforward implementation encodes normals in object space so that the red, green, and blue components correspond directly with the X, Y, and Z coordinates. In object space, the coordinate system is constant.
Triangulation may be used to find the position of the ship when the positions of A and B are known. An observer at A measures the angle α, while the observer at B measures β.
The pole of this local polar coordinate system is the vertical axis (pole O) of the total stations. The polar coordinates (r,f) with the pole are transformed using surveying software on a data collector to the Cartesian coordinates (x,y) of the known points. The coordinates for the position of the total station are then calculated. [5]
For each survey line in the traverse, surveyors take two bearings that is fore bearing and back bearing which should exactly differ by 180 ° if local attraction is negligible. The name Prismatic compass is given to it because it essentially consists of a prism which is used for taking observations more accurately.
Vertical datums in Europe. In geodesy, surveying, hydrography and navigation, vertical datum or altimetric datum is a reference coordinate surface used for vertical positions, such as the elevations of Earth-bound features (terrain, bathymetry, water level, and built structures) and altitudes of satellite orbits and in aviation.
The basic object used in mesh modeling is a vertex, a point in three-dimensional space.Two vertices connected by a straight line become an edge.Three vertices, connected to each other by three edges, define a triangle, which is the simplest polygon in Euclidean space.