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The Apollo Lunar Module (LM / ˈ l ɛ m /), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was the first crewed spacecraft to operate exclusively in the airless vacuum of space, and remains the only ...
The SOHO (ESA & NASA) joint project implies that all materials created by its probe are copyrighted and require permission for commercial non-educational use. [2] Images featured on the Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) web site may be copyrighted.
[4] NASA also launched missions to Mercury in 2004, with the MESSENGER probe demonstrating as the first use of a solar sail. [22] NASA also launched probes to the outer Solar System starting in the 1960s. Pioneer 10 was the first probe to the outer planets, flying by Jupiter, while Pioneer 11 provided the first close up view of the planet. Both ...
International English Language Testing System (IELTS / ˈ aɪ. ɛ l t s /) [6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge English, [6] and was established in 1989. IELTS is one of the major English-language tests ...
Brownian excursion, a concept in the theory of stochastic processes; Critical excursion, or criticality accident, a topic in nuclear physics; Diaphragmatic excursion, the movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing; Geomagnetic excursion, a change in the Earth's magnetic field; Excursion (audio), the linear movement range of a speaker
For EVAs from the International Space Station, NASA employed a camp-out procedure to reduce the risk of decompression sickness. [34] This was first tested by the Expedition 12 crew. During a camp-out, astronauts sleep overnight in the airlock prior to an EVA, lowering the air pressure to 10.2 psi (70 kPa), compared to the normal station ...
When NASA awarded the initial Apollo contract to North American Aviation on November 28, 1961, it was still assumed the lunar landing would be achieved by direct ascent rather than by lunar orbit rendezvous. [4] Therefore, design proceeded without a means of docking the command module to a lunar excursion module (LEM). But the change to lunar ...
The 1979 edition of the dictionary, with Patrick Hanks as editor and Laurence Urdang as editorial director, was the first British English dictionary to be typeset from the output from a computer database in a specified format. This meant that every aspect of an entry was handled by a different editor using different forms or templates.