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Bee venom is a complex mixture of proteins and smaller molecules. The main component is melittin, which amounts to 52% of venom peptides [2] One of the main allergens is phospholipase A 2, which amounts to 12% and is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids, causing degradation of cell membranes. [3]
The title page of Beck's Bee Venom Therapy, 1935. Bodog Felix Beck (6 August 1868 – 1 January 1942) was a Hungarian-born American physician who specialized in the treatment of arthritic and rheumatoid conditions using bee venom and who coined the term "bee venom therapy". There are no studies proving the ability of bee venom to cure any ailment.
Apitherapy is a branch of alternative medicine that uses honey bee products, including honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom. There has been no scientific or clinical evidence for the efficacy or safety of apitherapy treatments. [1] [2] Bee venom can cause minor or major reactions, including allergic responses, anaphylaxis or death.
Melittin is the main compound in bee venom, accounting for the potential lethality of a bee sting, which causes an anaphylactic reaction in some people. [5] At the sites of multiple stings, localized pain, swelling, and skin redness occur, and if bees are swallowed, life-threatening swelling of the throat and respiratory passages may develop. [5]
Bee venom is obtained by stimulating the bee with an electric current that incite them to sting, releasing a drop of poison onto a glass slide. The crystallized venom can be collected and processed. In order to get 1 gram of dry venom, it is necessary to collect the apitoxin of 10,000 to 15,000 bees. [1] [2]
Patients poisoned with bee venom can be treated with anti-inflammatory medication, antihistamines and oral prednisolone. [11] Apamin is an element in bee venom. A person can come into contact with apamin through bee venom, so the symptoms that are known are not caused by apamin directly, but by the venom as a whole.