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Hong Xiuquan [b] (1 January 1814 [a] – 1 June 1864), born Hong Huoxiu [c] and with the courtesy name Renkun, was a Chinese revolutionary and religious leader who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty.
On 11 January 1851 (the 11th day of the first lunar month), incidentally Hong Xiuquan's birthday, Hong declared himself "Heavenly King" of a new dynasty, the "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace". [13] After minor clashes, the violence escalated into the uprising in February 1851, in which a 10,000-strong rebel army routed and defeated a smaller ...
The God Worshipping Society (simplified Chinese: 拜上帝会; traditional Chinese: 拜上帝會; pinyin: Bài Shàngdì Huì) [a] was a religious movement founded and led by Hong Xiuquan which drew on his own unique interpretation of Protestant Christianity [1] [2] and combined it with Chinese folk religion, based on the faith in Shangdi ("Highest/Primordial God"), and other religious ...
Hong Daquan's confession claimed that Hong Xiuquan had made him co-sovereign of the Heavenly Kingdom and given him that title, but was more likely an echo of an earlier but unconnected White Lotus Rebellion. However, the capture of Nanjing in that year led to a deterioration of relations between the Taiping rebels and the triads.
Hong Xiuquan declared in 1848 that the spirit of the 'Holy Wind of the Heavenly Father' (天父) would possess Yang Xiuqing and give him orders through Yang. This had allowed Yang to become even more influential and placed him in a position higher than Hong, as Yang often gave orders to Hong, who was supposed to be his superior, [ 3 ] in the ...
However, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan were saved by reinforcements sent by Yang Xiuqing, and they returned to Jintian. On the 1st day of the 1st lunar month of 1851, an imperial force commanded by Zhou Fengqi (周鳳歧) and his deputies Li Dianyuan and Iktambu (伊克坦布) launched an offensive on Jintian.
Hong Ren'gan also provided Hamberg with important information on the Taiping rebellion, which formed the basis of a book Hamberg later published on the rebellion. The book was the first extensive account on the Taiping rebellion in a Western language and remains an important source on the early life of Hong Xiuquan.
Hong Xiuquan ordered his subordinates to demolish the front hall and mountain gate. [3] His subordinates saw the inscription "Hong" on the plaque, and Hong Xiuquan ordered his subordinates to rebuild the temple. [3] The rear hall of Hongshan Temple was donated and built by Rao Dongfang, the magistrate of Changsha. [4]