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Hong Xiuquan, born "Hong Huoxiu", was the third and youngest son of a Hakka family living in the village of Fuyuan Springs (also referred to as Fuyuanshui village [6]), Hua county (now part of Huadu District) in Guangzhou. His father was Hong Jingyang, a farmer and elected headman and his mother was surnamed Wang.
The uprising was led by Hong Xiuquan, an ethnic Hakka who had proclaimed himself to be the brother of Jesus Christ. Hong sought the religious conversion of the Han people to his syncretic version of Christianity, as well as the political overthrow of the Qing dynasty, and a general transformation of the mechanisms of state.
The God Worshipping Society (simplified Chinese: 拜上帝会; traditional Chinese: 拜上帝會; pinyin: Bài Shàngdì Huì) [a] was a religious movement founded and led by Hong Xiuquan which drew on his own unique interpretation of Protestant Christianity [1] [2] and combined it with Chinese folk religion, based on the faith in Shangdi ("Highest/Primordial God"), and other religious ...
On 11 January 1851 (the 11th day of the first lunar month), incidentally Hong Xiuquan's birthday, Hong declared himself "Heavenly King" of a new dynasty, the "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace". [13] After minor clashes, the violence escalated into the uprising in February 1851, in which a 10,000-strong rebel army routed and defeated a smaller ...
Li had one elder brother and four younger brothers; he was the second son in his family. His elder brother, Li Hanzhang [zh; ja; ko] (李瀚章; 1821–1899), served as a xunfu and zongdu in a number of provinces. His third brother, Li Hezhang (李鶴章; 1825–1880), served as a military officer.
When Gordon arrived at Hong Kong, he was disappointed to learn he was "just too late for the fighting". [31] Gordon had heard of the Taiping Rebellion long before he had set sail for China, and he was at first sympathetic towards the Taipings, led by Hong Xiuquan , who proclaimed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ, viewing them ...
Some time after her wedding to Xiao Chaogui, on 30 January 1850, Xiao claimed that Jesus Christ specified him as a brother-in-law equivalent to Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan, and Yang Xiuqing. It is in this manner that Xuanjiao became a sister of Hong Xiuquan and became known as Hong Xuanjiao. [2]
In 1852, Hamberg met Hong Xiuquan's cousin Hong Ren'gan, who had been separated from the rebellion and fled to Hong Kong. Hong Ren'gan also provided Hamberg with important information on the Taiping rebellion, which formed the basis of a book Hamberg later published on the rebellion. The book was the first extensive account on the Taiping ...