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The walled city of Tianjin was built in 1404. As a treaty port since 1860, Tianjin has been a seaport and gateway to Beijing. During the Boxer Rebellion, the city was the seat of the Tianjin Provisional Government. Under the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China, Tianjin became one of the largest cities in the region. [8]
In 1924, the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, Puyi, was forced to leave the Forbidden City in Beijing and lived in Tianjin until 1931 when he was forcibly taken by the Japanese army to Dalian. The imperial concubine Wenxiu divorced Puyi in Tianjin, which was the first time in Chinese dynastic history that an imperial concubine divorced an emperor.
The Belgian concession of Tianjin (Dutch: Belgische concessie in Tianjin; French: Concession belge de Tianjin; Chinese: 天津比租界; pinyin: Tiānjīn bǐ zūjiè) was a 120-acre Belgian colonial concession in the Chinese city of Tianjin between 1902 and 1931, the only Belgian concession in China. Although its own concession had not been ...
The Russian concession of Tianjin (Chinese: 天津俄租界, pinyin: Tiānjīn é zūjiè, Russian: Российская концессия Тяньцзиня) was a territory in the Chinese city of Tientsin occupied colonially by the Russian Empire between 1900 and 1924, and one of the Russian concessions in the late Qing dynasty (others including the Russian concessions in Hankou, Dalian ...
In 1883, the municipal government of Tianjin used donations from the concession wharf to build a road from the wharf to Tianjin city, greatly facilitating the traffic between the city and the concession. As a result, the activity of Tianjin's original port center declined as the British concession became Tianjin's trade and financial center.
In the concession were built a theatre, spa, school, pawnshop, barracks, prison, hospital and cemetery. The relatively short presence, about 14 years, left traces of the Habsburg style still found today in that area of the city. After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Austria-Hungary's concession was relatively isolated.
The city of Tianjin was occupied by Japan from 1937 to 1945, during which the border of districts within the city was redrawn 4 times. After the founding of People's Republic of China , the area was divided into the 4th and 5th districts in 1951, and the latter was merged into the 4th district a year later.
The Italian concession of Tianjin had an area of nearly one square mile and was initially located in a swamp area near the Hai River, with a few poor houses of Chinese farmers. The Italian government built infrastructure and a number of public buildings and by 1938, it had a population of 14,879 Chinese and 739 Europeans (nearly all Italians). [5]