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United States Secretary of State John Hay, the driving force behind the Open Door policy.. The Nine-Power Treaty (Kyūkakoku Jōyaku (Japanese: 九カ国条約)) or Nine-Power Agreement (Chinese: 九國公約; pinyin: jiǔ guó gōngyuē) was a 1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of China as per the Open Door Policy.
Ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War, and establishes the principle of the sovereignty of nations in use today. Treaty of Concordia [note 61] Divides the island of Saint Martin between France and the Netherlands. 1649 Peace of Rueil: Ends the opening episodes of the Fronde, France's civil war. Treaty of Zboriv
The Nine-Power Treaty Conference or Brussels Conference was convened in late October 1937 as a meeting for the signatories of the Nine Power Treaty to consider "peaceable means" for hastening the end of the renewed conflict between China and Japan, that had broken out in July. This Conference was held in accordance with a provision of the Nine ...
The main achievement was a series of naval disarmament postals agreed to by all the participants, which lasted for a decade. These resulted in three major treaties – Four-Power Treaty, Five-Power Treaty (the Washington Naval Treaty), the Nine-Power Treaty – and a number of smaller agreements. [9] [10] Britain now took the lead.
Several powers attempted to exploit loopholes in the treaty, though it is arguable whether these were technically violations of the treaty. The Japanese light aircraft carrier Ryūjō was an effort to exploit the definition of an aircraft carrier as being "a vessel of war with a displacement in excess of 10,000 tons", by building a carrier of ...
In the east, on the other hand, Germany and her allies did demand and achieve significant territorial and economic concessions from Russia in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and from Romania in the Treaty of Bucharest. [2] Both treaties were annulled with the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the fighting in World War I. [citation needed]
The agreement was abrogated in April 1923, when it was replaced by the Nine-Power Treaty. For the Japanese, the Lansing–Ishii Agreement acknowledged Tokyo's special interests in part of China and recognized that Japan could not easily be ignored in international affairs.
The Joint Declaration provided in Article 9 for the continuation of negotiations for the conclusion of a peace treaty after the restoration of diplomatic relations between the countries and further stipulated that "in this connexion, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, desiring to meet the wishes of Japan and taking into consideration the interests of the Japanese State, agrees to ...