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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. It is frequently asymptomatic ; if symptoms appear, they typically begin 3 to 14 days after infection.
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito -borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae ; genus Flavivirus . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Four serotypes of the virus have been found, and a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. [ 1 ]
The Swahili word dinga may possibly have its origin in the Spanish word dengue, meaning fastidious or careful, which would describe the gait of a person suffering the bone pain of dengue fever. [43] However, it is possible that the use of the Spanish word derived from the similar-sounding Swahili. [40]
Dengue vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent dengue fever in humans. [9] Development of dengue vaccines began in the 1920s but was hindered by the need to create immunity against all four dengue serotypes. [10] As of 2023, there are two commercially available vaccines, sold under the brand names Dengvaxia and Qdenga. [11] [12]
Graph of when laboratory tests for dengue fever become positive. Day zero refers to the start of symptoms, 1st refers to in those with a primary infection, and 2nd refers to in those with a secondary infection. [17] The diagnosis of dengue fever may be confirmed by microbiological laboratory testing.
The word "chikungunya" is from the Makonde language and means "that which bends up", referring to the effect of debilitating joint pain on the patient. [41] Symptoms, generally appearing 5–7 days after exposure, can be confused with dengue and include fever, rash, headache, joint pain, and swelling. [42] The disease mainly occurs in Africa ...
Dengue fever becomes more virulent during a second infection by means of antibody-dependent enhancement. After the first infection, macrophages display antibodies on their cell membranes specific to the dengue virus. By attaching to these antibodies, dengue viruses from a second infection are better able to infect the macrophages, thus reducing ...
President Benigno Aquino III at the launching of the dengue vaccine school-based immunization program. In April 2016, the DOH launched the dengue vaccination campaign in Central Luzon, Calabarzon and Metro Manila, where about 700,000 individuals received at least one dose of the vaccine. [11] The government paid P3.5-billion for the vaccine. [10]