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But if the paper of the volume is too fragile, or the book block is too thick, the spine is left flat. The book block is placed in a sturdy cover or case, with special paper covering the inside covers. [1] The most common cloth used by library binders to cover the boards of the book is buckram coated with acrylic. Acrylic coatings are generally ...
A text block is a collection of sections or leaves bound together, which can be attached to a case (book cover) to form a book. [43] A codex is a series of quires sewn and bound through the folds. [citation needed] Folio and quarto refer to the size of the finished book, based on the sheet size that a paper maker could produce with a manual ...
To bind a document, the user first punches holes in the paper with a specialized hole punch. Pages must be punched a few at a time with most of these machines. If hard covers are desired, they must be punched as well. In bulk applications, a paper drilling machine may be used. Then the user chooses a spine size that will match the document.
Front cover of the St Cuthbert Gospel, c. 700; the original tooled red goatskin binding is the earliest surviving Western binding.. A book cover is any protective covering used to bind together the pages of a book.
To begin a fore-edge painting artists clamped the slightly fanned pages of a book between the boards of a special press that held them in place while keeping pressure off the cover boards. [2] While the paints used for fore-edge paintings are watercolors, artists needed to use them carefully.
Media, or mediums, are the core types of material (or related other tools) used by an artist, composer, designer, etc. to create a work of art. [1] For example, a visual artist may broadly use the media of painting or sculpting, which themselves have more specific media within them, such as watercolor paints or marble.
Various types of cards are available, which may be called cardboard. Included are: thick paper (of various types) or pasteboard used for business cards, aperture cards, postcards, playing cards, catalog covers, binder's board for bookbinding, scrapbooking, and other uses which require higher durability than regular paper.
According to ISO standards, paperboard is a paper with a grammage above 250 g/m 2, but there are exceptions. [1] Paperboard can be single- or multi-ply. Paperboard can be easily cut and formed, is lightweight, and because it is strong, is used in packaging. Another end-use is high quality graphic printing, such as book and magazine covers or ...