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1. Denotes subtraction and is read as minus; for example, 3 – 2. 2. Denotes the additive inverse and is read as minus, the negative of, or the opposite of; for example, –2. 3. Also used in place of \ for denoting the set-theoretic complement; see \ in § Set theory. × (multiplication sign) 1.
The less-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values. The widely adopted form of two equal-length strokes connecting in an acute angle at the left, <, has been found in documents dated as far back as the 1560s.
Upside-down marks, simple in the era of hand typesetting, were originally recommended by the Real Academia Española (Royal Spanish Academy), in the second edition of the Ortografía de la lengua castellana (Orthography of the Castilian language) in 1754 [3] recommending it as the symbol indicating the beginning of a question in written Spanish—e.g. "¿Cuántos años tienes?"
Instead, the inequalities must be solved independently, yielding x < 1 / 2 and x ≥ −1 respectively, which can be combined into the final solution −1 ≤ x < 1 / 2 . Occasionally, chained notation is used with inequalities in different directions, in which case the meaning is the logical conjunction of the inequalities ...
In mathematics, Maclaurin's inequality, named after Colin Maclaurin, is a refinement of the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means.. Let ,, …, be non-negative real numbers, and for =,, …,, define the averages as follows: = < < ().
If X is a nonnegative random variable and a > 0, and U is a uniformly distributed random variable on [,] that is independent of X, then [4] (). Since U is almost surely smaller than one, this bound is strictly stronger than Markov's inequality.
In the context of metric measure spaces, the definition of a Poincaré inequality is slightly different.One definition is: a metric measure space supports a (q,p)-Poincare inequality for some , < if there are constants C and λ ≥ 1 so that for each ball B in the space, ‖ ‖ () ‖ ‖ ().
In the special case of n = 1, the Nash inequality can be extended to the L p case, in which case it is a generalization of the Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequality (Brezis 2011, Comments on Chapter 8). In fact, if I is a bounded interval, then for all 1 ≤ r < ∞ and all 1 ≤ q ≤ p < ∞ the following inequality holds