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The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions. [1] It spans an area of approximately 14,060,000 km 2 (5,430,000 sq mi) and is the coldest of the world's oceans.
Arctic shipping routes are the maritime paths used by vessels to navigate through parts or the entirety of the Arctic. There are three main routes that connect the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans: the Northeast Passage , the Northwest Passage , and the mostly unused Transpolar Sea Route . [ 2 ]
Northwest Passage routes Envisat ASAR mosaic of the Arctic Ocean (September 2007), showing the most direct route of the Northwest Passage closed (yellow line) and the Northeast Passage partially opened (blue line). The dark grey colour represents the ice-free areas, while green represents areas with sea ice.
The Beaufort Gyre is one of the two major ocean currents in the Arctic Ocean. It is roughly located north of the Alaskan and Canadian coast. In the past, Arctic sea-ice would circulate in the Beaufort gyre up to several years, leading to the formation of very thick multi-year sea-ice. [1]
Water that falls at the summit can flow either to the Pacific, Atlantic, or Arctic oceans (when Hudson Bay is considered a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean). The International Hydrographic Organization (in its current unapproved working edition only [4] of Limits of Oceans and Seas) defines the Hudson Bay, with its outlet extending from 62.5 to 66.5 degrees north (just a few miles south of the ...
The North American Arctic is composed of the northern polar regions of Alaska (USA), Northern Canada and Greenland. [1] Major bodies of water include the Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, the Gulf of Alaska and North Atlantic Ocean. [2] The North American Arctic lies above the Arctic Circle. [3] It is part of the Arctic, which is the northernmost ...
It is the location of the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean. The Molloy Deep, Molloy Hole, Molloy Fracture Zone, and Molloy Ridge were named after Arthur E. Molloy , a U.S. Navy research scientist who worked in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Arctic Oceans in the 1950s–1970s.
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