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A 4-2-1 exhaust system is a type of exhaust manifold for an engine with four cylinders per bank, such as an inline-four engine or a V8 engine. The layout of a 4-2-1 system is as follows: four pipes (primary) come off the cylinder head , and merge into two pipes (secondary), which in turn finally link up to form one collector pipe.
Exhaust system of the Opel Corsa B 1.2 petrol Exhaust manifold (chrome plated) on a car engine. An exhaust system is used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. The entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more exhaust pipes. Depending on the overall system ...
The Ford GT40 is a high-performance mid-engined racing car originally designed and built for and by the Ford Motor Company to compete in 1960s European endurance racing.Its specific impetus was to best Scuderia Ferrari, which had won the prestigious 24 Hours of Le Mans race for six years running from 1960 to 1965.
When the exhaust valve opens, the high pressure exhaust gas escapes into the exhaust manifold or header, creating an "exhaust pulse" comprising three main parts: The high-pressure head is created by the large pressure difference between the exhaust in the combustion chamber and the atmospheric pressure outside of the exhaust system
In applications that use exhaust gas boilers, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate can accumulate on the boiler tubes, inhibiting steam output and increasing exhaust back-pressure. In marine applications, this can increase fresh water requirements as the boiler must be continuously washed to remove the deposits.
Originally, this system was used to inject air into the engine's exhaust ports to provide oxygen so unburned and partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust would finish burning. Air injection is now used to support the catalytic converter 's oxidation reaction, and to reduce emissions when an engine is started from cold.
An email’s full headers include info about how it was routed and delivered and the true sender of the email. View the full headers to find out where an email was delayed or if the real sender disguised their email address. View the full header of an email. 1. Click an email to open it. 2. Click the More drop-down in the top menu. 3.
SNCR systems have been prototyped that reduce 90% of the NO x in the exhaust system, with commercialized systems being somewhat lower. [citation needed] SCR systems do not necessarily need particulate matter (PM) filters; when SNCR and PM filters are combined, some engines have been shown to be 3-5% more fuel efficient.