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Therefore, adaptor proteins are responsible for the recruitment of cargo molecules into a growing clathrin-coated pits. [2] The two major types of clathrin adaptor complexes are the heterotetrameric vesicular transport adaptor proteins (AP1-5), and the monomeric GGA (Golgi-localising, Gamma-adaptin ear homology, ARF-binding proteins) adaptors.
Clathrin adaptor proteins, also known as adaptins, are proteins that mediate the formation of vesicles for intracellular trafficking and secretion. Adaptins are clustered subunits of adaptor protein (AP) complexes. [1] There are several types of adaptin, each related to a different AP complex.
The AP2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the cell membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. [1] It is a stable complex of four adaptins which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage domains attached to the core domain by polypeptide linkers.
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A1 gene. [5] This gene encodes the alpha 1 adaptin subunit of the adaptor protein 2 (AP2 adaptors) complex found in clathrin coated vesicles. The AP-2 complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two large adaptins (alpha or beta), a medium adaptin (mu), and a small ...
The protein's name refers to this lattice structure, deriving from Latin clathri meaning lattice. [2] Barbara Pearse named the protein clathrin at the suggestion of Graeme Mitchison, selecting it from three possible options. [3] Coat-proteins, like clathrin, are used to build small vesicles in order to transport molecules within cells.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of two large chain components of the AP2 adaptor complex, which serves to link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. The encoded protein is found on the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles in the plasma membrane. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [7]
AP180 is a protein that plays an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. It is capable of simultaneously binding both membrane lipids (via an ANTH domain ) and clathrin and is therefore thought to recruit clathrin to the membrane of newly invaginating vesicles .
AP-2 complex subunit sigma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2S1 gene. [5] [6] [7] One of two major clathrin-associated adaptor complexes, AP-2, is a heterotetramer which is associated with the plasma membrane. This complex is composed of two large chains, a medium chain, and a small chain. This gene encodes the small chain of ...