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Athanasius I of Alexandria [note 1] (c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, or, among Coptic Christians, Athanasius the Apostolic, was a Christian theologian and the 20th pope of Alexandria (as Athanasius I).
St Athanasius was excommunicated by Pope Liberius allegedly for refusing to attend a synod. Athanasius believed the Pope was acting under duress (the Pope had been exiled from Rome) and refused to accept the validity of the excommunication [14] [15] some Egyptian monks by Theophilus I of Alexandria.
Sabellius likewise was excommunicated by council in Alexandria, and after complaint of this was made to Rome, a second council then assembled in Rome and also ruled against Sabellianism. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Johann Lorenz von Mosheim , German Lutheran theologian who founded the pragmatic school of church historians, [ 6 ] argued that Sabellius described ...
Athanasius, who had succeeded Alexander as Bishop of Alexandria, was deposed by the First Synod of Tyre in 335, and Marcellus of Ancyra followed him in 336. Arius returned to Constantinople to be readmitted into the Church but died shortly before he could be received.
This conflicted with the Trinitarian faction initially advanced by Athanasius which argued that the Christ was coeternal and consubstantial with God the Father. Emperor Constantine , through the Council of Nicaea in 325, attempted to unite Christianity and establish a single, imperially approved version of the faith.
Athanasius reckons the Book of Wisdom, Sirach, the Book of Esther, Judith, the Book of Tobit, the Teaching of the Apostles, and the Shepherd of Hermas not as part of the canon of Scripture, but as books "appointed by the Fathers to be read by those who newly join us, and who wish for instruction in the word of godliness".
Sabellius (fl. ca. 215) was a third-century priest and theologian who most likely taught in Rome, but may have been a North African from Libya. Basil and others call him a Libyan from Pentapolis, but this seems to rest on the fact that Pentapolis was a place where the teachings of Sabellius thrived, according to Dionysius of Alexandria, c. 260. [1]
Athanasius of Alexandria was traditionally thought to be the author of the Athanasian Creed, and gives his name to its common title.. The Athanasian Creed—also called the Quicunque Vult (or Quicumque Vult), which is both its Latin name and its opening words, meaning "Whosoever wishes"—is a Christian statement of belief focused on Trinitarian doctrine and Christology.