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The enamel is fragile, the teeth appear yellow or brown, and surface stains build up more readily. [1] Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a defect of dentin formation, and the teeth may be discolored yellow-brown, deep amber or blue-grey with increased translucency. [1] Dentinal dysplasia is another disorder of dentin.
Amalgam tattoo is a grey, blue or black area of discoloration on the mucous membranes of the mouth, typically on the gums of the lower jaw. It is a healthcare caused lesion, due to entry of dental amalgam into the soft tissues. It is common, painless, and benign, but it can be mistaken for melanoma
Due to this, dark pigmentation may be visible on the oral mucosa or skin. [10] Most common oral sites include: buccal mucosa, lips, gums, hard palate or tongue. Intraoral sites are usually seen as the first sign and they usually develop prior to the skin lesions. [11]
Drug-induced pigmentation of the skin may occur as a consequence of drug administration, and the mechanism may be postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in some cases, but frequently is related to actual deposition of the offending drug in the skin. [2]: 125–6 The incidence of this change varies, and depends on the type of medication involved.
This condition can cause teeth to be discolored (most often a blue-gray or yellow-brown color) and translucent, giving teeth an opalescent sheen. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 8 ] [ 5 ] [ 9 ] Teeth are also weaker than normal, making them prone to rapid wear, breakage, and loss.
In some cases of pulp necrosis there is a yellow, grey or brown crown discolouration. Dark coronal discoloration is believed to be an early sign of pulp degeneration. [16] Teeth with said discolouration need to be treated with special care and further investigations are required before pulp necrosis can be diagnosed. [11]
Tooth decay. White-spot decalcification may be highlighted and become more noticeable directly following a whitening process, but with further applications the other parts of the teeth usually become more white and the spots less noticeable. Active periapical pathology; Untreated periodontal disease; Pregnant or lactating women
The exact appearance of the lesion is variable. Leukoplakia may be white, whitish yellow or grey. [29] The size can range from a small area to much larger lesions. [29] The most common sites affected are the buccal mucosa, the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa, [30] although any mucosal surface in the mouth may be involved. [2]