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Law of Supply Definition. The law of supply is the microeconomic theory stating that all else being equal, as the price of a good or service increases, the number of goods or services offered will also increase. The law of supply states that as the price of an item goes up, and thus profit increases, suppliers will attempt to make more profits ...
How fast it increases depends on the elasticity of supply. Let's look at an example. Assume when pizza prices rise 40%, the quantity of pizzas supplied rises by 26%. Using the formula above, we can calculate the elasticity of supply. Elasticity of Supply = (26%) / (40%) = 0.65.
To calculate price elasticity of demand, you use the formula from above: The price elasticity of demand in this situation would be 0.5 or 0.5%. This means that for every 1% increase in price, there is a 0.5% decrease in demand. Since the change in demand is smaller than the change in price, we can conclude that demand is relatively inelastic.
Aggregate demand is the total demand for goods and services in an economy. It's an economic term that describes the total amount of purchases. When the economy is in equilibrium, aggregate demand is approximately equal to aggregate supply. In other words, aggregate demand is equal to the gross domestic product (GDP) of that economy.
This increase in the supply of available funds lowers the price of those funds (i.e., the lending rate), making debt cheaper and more enticing to borrowers. If the Federal Reserve increases the reserve requirement (which leaves less of a bank's deposits available for lending), the reverse happens and the Federal Reserve can slow down the economy.
Elasticity is a measure of the change in one variable in response to a change in another, and it’s usually expressed as a ratio or percentage. In economics, elasticity generally refers to variables such as supply, demand, income, and price. The responsiveness to these changes helps identify and analyze relationships between variables.
There are two kinds of duopolies. In the first, the Cournot duopoly, competition between the two companies is based on the quantity of products supplied. The duopoly members essentially agree to split the market. The price each company receives for the product is based on the quantity of items produced, and the two companies react to each other ...
Capital assets usually include buildings, land, and major equipment. For example, Company XYZ might own a factory building on three acres of land, and the factory might be full of expensive equipment. The building, the land, and the equipment are all usually considered capital assets. Construction in progress, trademarks, patents, copyrights ...
Example of Economies of Scale. Let's assume that it costs Company XYZ $1,000,000 to produce 1 million widgets per year (or $1.00 per widget). This $1,000,000 cost includes $500,000 ($0.50 per widget) of administrative, insurance, and marketing expenses, which are generally fixed, as well as $500,000 ($0.50 per widget) of variable costs. Now ...
The Federal Reserve could enact expansionary monetary policy and encourage economic growth by doing one or all of these three things: Direct the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) to purchase U.S. Treasuries on the open market. Lower the reserve requirement. Lower the discount rate. Each of these choices increases the supply of money and ...