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Communicative language teaching. Communicative language teaching (CLT), or the communicative approach (CA), is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of study. Learners in environments using communication to learn and practice the target language by interactions with one another and ...
Focus on form. Focus on form (FonF), also called form-focused instruction, is an approach to language education in which learners are made aware of linguistic forms – such as individual words and conjugations – in the context of a communicative activity. It is contrasted with focus on forms, [1] in which forms are studied in isolation, and ...
t. e. Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any or all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on language and the ways it is used. It can overlap with the sociology of language, which focuses on the effect of language on society. Sociolinguistics overlaps considerably with pragmatics and is ...
t. e. In linguistics, a grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics ...
Roman Jakobson defined six functions of language (or communication functions), according to which an effective act of verbal communication can be described. [2] Each of the functions has an associated factor. For this work, Jakobson was influenced by Karl Bühler 's organon model, to which he added the poetic, phatic and metalingual functions.
Task-based language teaching (TBLT), also known as task-based instruction (TBI), focuses on the use of authentic language to complete meaningful tasks in the target language. Such tasks can include visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help. Assessment is primarily based on task outcomes (the appropriate ...
Language pedagogy. Language pedagogy is the discipline concerned with the theories and techniques of teaching language. It has been described as a type of teaching wherein the teacher draws from their own prior knowledge and actual experience in teaching language. [1] The approach is distinguished from research-based methodologies.
Teaching foreign language in classrooms. High school Spanish taught as a second language to a class of native English speakers at an American private school in Massachusetts. Language education may take place as a general school subject or in a specialized language school. There are many methods of teaching languages.