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The alkali–silica reaction (ASR), also commonly known as concrete cancer, [3] is a deleterious internal swelling reaction that occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and the reactive amorphous (i.e., non-crystalline) silica found in many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture.
Sulfate attacks, an hat appellation covering different concrete degradation mechanisms: Delayed ettringite formation (DEF), also known as internal sulfate attack (ISA) when the temperature of fresh concrete exceeds 65 °C during its setting and hardening; External sulfate attack (ESA), and; Thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA).
When it reacts with concrete, it causes the slab to expand, lifting, distorting and cracking as well as exerting a pressure onto the surrounding walls which can cause movements significantly weakening the structure. Some infill materials frequently encountered in building fondations and causing sulfate attack are the following: [2] Red Ash
But concrete cancer — the formal term is alkali-silica reaction — was a key issue the team raised more than a year ago in announcing the organization’s decision to pursue construction of a ...
The CDC report noted that exposure to formaldehyde contained in the flooring was higher than original calculated, increasing the cancer risk by about three times from an earlier version of the report.
The hydrogen sulfide gas is biochemically oxidized in the presence of moisture to form sulfuric acid. The effect of sulfuric acid on concrete and steel surfaces exposed to severe wastewater environments can be devastating. [1] In the USA alone, corrosion causes sewer asset losses estimated at $14 billion per year. [2]
Example of flat piece of concrete having dislodged with corroded rebar underneath, Welland River bridge across Queen Elizabeth Way in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The expansion of the corrosion products (iron oxides) of carbon steel reinforcement structures may induce internal mechanical stress (tensile stress) that cause the formation of cracks and disrupt the concrete structure.
A deranged drainage system is a drainage system in drainage basins where there is no coherent pattern to the rivers and lakes. These can form in areas with extensive limestone deposits, where surface streams can disappear into the groundwater via caves and subterranean drainage routes. [ 5 ]