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The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (Arabic: فَتْحُ الأَنْدَلُس, romanized: fatḥu l-andalus; 711–720s), also known as the Arab conquest of Spain, [1] was the Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania in the early 8th century.
The governor attempted to escape, leaving his men behind; however, he was captured. Mughith then ordered the garrison to surrender but refused. The Umayyads managed to breach the citadel and slay the entire garrison, and, by the end of October, the Muslims now controlled Córdoba. [8] [9] [10]
717: Umayyads under al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi crossed the Pyrenees for the first time on a reconnaissance mission. 718 – Pelayo, a Christian Asturian noble and possibly (but not certainly) comrade-in-arms of King Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete, leads the fight against the Umayyads in the Asturian region.
Arabic arrived with the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and spread gradually over the following centuries, primarily through conversion to Islam. [133] Arabic in al-Andalus became the language of administration and of literature [ 134 ] and a "vehicle for a higher culture, a literate and literary civilization."
The Umayyads had previously conducted small raids on the southern tip of Iberia against the Visigoths, but full-scale conquest did not begin until April of 711. An army led by Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed into Southern Hispania from North Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 February 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
Tariq ibn Ziyad (Arabic: طارق بن زياد Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād; c. 670 – c. 720), also known simply as Tarik in English, was an Umayyad commander who initiated the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (present-day Spain and Portugal) against the Visigothic Kingdom in 711–718 AD.
The Battle of Guadalete was the first major battle of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, fought in 711 at an unidentified location in what is now southern Spain between the Visigoths under their king, Roderic, and the invading forces of the Umayyad Caliphate, composed mainly of Berbers and some Arabs [1] under the commander Tariq ibn Ziyad.