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Meliponula is a genus of stingless bees found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are small, with sizes ranging from 2mm to 8mm depending on the species. They provide honey, which in some species is considered to have medicinal properties. [1] [2] These bees are thought to be important pollinators. They are also very common in African countries such as ...
Melipona is a genus of stingless bees, widespread in warm areas of the Neotropics, from Sinaloa and Tamaulipas (México) to Tucumán and Misiones (Argentina). About 70 species are known. [ 1 ] The largest producer of honey from Melipona bees in Mexico is in the state of Yucatán where bees are studied at an interactive park called "Bee Planet ...
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees.The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups.
A Maya stingless bee hive: A piece of hollow log provides a home for meliponine bees in Belize. The stingless bees Melipona beecheii and M. yucatanica are the primary native bees cultured in Central America, though a few other species are reported as being occasionally managed (e.g., Trigona fulviventris and Scaptotrigona mexicana). [133]
Swarm is an open-source agent-based modeling simulation package, useful for simulating the interaction of agents (social or biological) and their emergent collective behavior. Swarm was initially developed at the Santa Fe Institute in the mid-1990s, and since 1999 has been maintained by the non-profit Swarm Development Group .
The scout bees are translated from a few employed bees, which abandon their food sources and search new ones. In the ABC algorithm, the first half of the swarm consists of employed bees, and the second half constitutes the onlooker bees. The number of employed bees or the onlooker bees is equal to the number of solutions in the swarm.
Trigona bees are active all year round, although they are less active in cool environments. [2] Nest of stingless bee of genus Trigona, in traditional modular brazilian north-east style box. Only one part of the box is open. Multiple small honey pots are well visible in the foreground.
Like honey bees, stingless bees form perennial, swarm-founded colonies. M. scutellaris colonies typically contain around 1500 workers and are headed by a single, once-mated queen. Workers, gynes , and males are reared individually in similar-sized cells filled with larval food and are sealed by workers immediately after an egg is laid.