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SQLAlchemy is an open-source Python library that provides an SQL toolkit (called "SQLAlchemy Core") and an Object Relational Mapper (ORM) for database interactions. It allows developers to work with databases using Python objects, enabling efficient and flexible database access.
A query language, also known as data query language or database query language (DQL), is a computer language used to make queries in databases and information systems. In database systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. [1] A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL).
A large database index would typically use B-tree algorithms. BRIN is not always a substitute for B-tree, it is an improvement on sequential scanning of an index, with particular (and potentially large) advantages when the index meets particular conditions for being ordered and for the search target to be a narrow set of these values.
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
The query evaluation, and thus query containment, is LOGCFL-complete and thus in polynomial time. [9] Acyclicity of conjunctive queries is a structural property of queries that is defined with respect to the query's hypergraph : [ 6 ] a conjunctive query is acyclic if and only if it has hypertree-width 1.
The rules governing SQL three-valued logic are shown in the tables below (p and q represent logical states)" [10] The truth tables SQL uses for AND, OR, and NOT correspond to a common fragment of the Kleene and Łukasiewicz three-valued logic (which differ in their definition of implication, however, SQL defines no such operation). [11]
In a database, a table is a collection of related data organized in table format; consisting of columns and rows.. In relational databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) using a model of vertical columns (identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and column intersect. [1]
The database query language SQL implements ternary logic as a means of handling comparisons with NULL field content. SQL uses a common fragment of the Kleene K3 logic, restricted to AND, OR, and NOT tables.