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A Galapagos shark hooked by a fishing boat. Pain negatively affects the health and welfare of animals. [1] " Pain" is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage."
Pain cannot be directly measured in other animals, including other humans; responses to putatively painful stimuli can be measured, but not the experience itself. To address this problem when assessing the capacity of other species to experience pain, argument-by-analogy is used.
René Descartes (1596–1650) argued animals lack consciousness and so cannot experience pain. The idea that non-human animals might not feel pain goes back to the 17th-century French philosopher, René Descartes, who argued that animals do not experience pain and suffering because they lack consciousness.
Other studies have said fish don't feel pain as they lack the neural tissue required for sensing pain. Studies have instead found evidence of people projecting feelings of pain onto the animals ...
Scientists called for humane ways to handle crabs, lobsters, and other shellfish in the kitchen after showing for the first time that crustaceans indeed feel pain.
Descartes argued that animals could not experience pain. The idea that non-human animals might not feel pain goes back to the 17th-century French philosopher, René Descartes, who argued that animals do not experience pain and suffering because they lack consciousness.
These animals do not like disturbed environments and prefer quiet, undisturbed locations.” ... whereas some people feel nothing and don’t realize they were bitten. For most, the pain is akin ...
There have been several published lists of criteria for establishing whether non-human animals are capable of perceiving pain, e.g. [22] [36] Some criteria that may indicate the potential of another species, including cephalopods, to feel pain include: [36] Has a suitable nervous system and sensory receptors