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Diagram of a copper cathode in a galvanic cell (e.g., a battery). Positively charged cations move towards the cathode allowing a positive current i to flow out of the cathode. A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead-acid battery.
An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes. Michael Faraday coined the term " electrode " in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον ( ḗlektron , "amber") and ὁδός ( hodós , "path, way").
The terms anode and cathode are not defined by the voltage polarity of electrodes, but are usually defined by the direction of current through the electrode. An anode usually is the electrode of a device through which conventional current (positive charge) flows into the device from an external circuit, while a cathode usually is the electrode through which conventional current flows out of ...
In electrochemistry, the working electrode is the electrode in an electrochemical system on which the reaction of interest is occurring. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The working electrode is often used in conjunction with an auxiliary electrode , and a reference electrode in a three-electrode system .
The cathode is the electrode where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place (metal B electrode); in a galvanic cell, it is the positive electrode, as ions get reduced by taking up electrons from the electrode and plate out (while in electrolysis, the cathode is the negative terminal and attracts positive ions from the solution).
The auxiliary electrode functions as a cathode whenever the working electrode is operating as an anode and vice versa. The auxiliary electrode often has a surface area much larger than that of the working electrode to ensure that the half-reaction occurring at the auxiliary electrode can occur fast enough so as not to limit the process at the ...
[1]: 64, 89 [2]: GL7 The external energy source is a voltage applied between the cell's two electrodes; an anode (positively charged electrode) and a cathode (negatively charged electrode), which are immersed in an electrolyte solution.
[1] [2] Some examples of this notation are: Zn°|Zn 2+ ||Cl − |AgCl|Ag° This means that the left electrode (anode) is made of zinc, while the other one (right, cathode) is composed of a silver wire covered by a silver chloride layer which is not soluble. Both of the electrodes are immersed into aqueous media where zinc and chloride ions are ...