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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood and if left untreated it is the most common genetic cause of infant death. [ 6 ]
Spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare debilitating disorders characterised by the degeneration of lower motor neurons (neuronal cells situated in the anterior horn of the spinal cord) and subsequent atrophy (wasting) of various muscle groups in the body. [1]
Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (DSMA1), also known as spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1), is a rare neuromuscular disorder involving death of motor neurons in the spinal cord which leads to a generalised progressive atrophy of body muscles.
Symptoms of motor neuron diseases can be first seen at birth or can come on slowly later in life. Most of these diseases worsen over time; while some, such as ALS, shorten one's life expectancy, others do not. [2] Currently, there are no approved treatments for the majority of motor neuron disorders, and care is mostly symptomatic. [2]
The condition has been called progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), [7] spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), [7] Aran–Duchenne disease, [6] [7] Duchenne–Aran disease, [6] Aran–Duchenne muscular atrophy, [7] and Duchenne–Aran muscular atrophy. The name "spinal muscular atrophy" is ambiguous as it refers to any of various spinal muscular ...
In 1850, François-Amilcar Aran was the first to describe a disorder he named "progressive muscular atrophy", a form of ALS in which only the lower motor neurons are affected. [129] In 1869, the connection between the symptoms and the underlying neurological problems was first described by Jean-Martin Charcot , who initially introduced the term ...