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  2. Proofs involving the addition of natural numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_involving_the...

    The base case b = 0 follows immediately from the identity element property (0 is an additive identity), which has been proved above: a + 0 = a = 0 + a. Next we will prove the base case b = 1, that 1 commutes with everything, i.e. for all natural numbers a, we have a + 1 = 1 + a.

  3. List of set identities and relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_set_identities_and...

    The great variety and (relative) complexity of formulas involving set subtraction (compared to those without it) is in part due to the fact that unlike ,, and , set subtraction is neither associative nor commutative and it also is not left distributive over ,, , or even over itself.

  4. Associative property - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_property

    In mathematics, the associative property [1] is a property of some binary operations that rearranging the parentheses in an expression will not change the result. In propositional logic . Associativity is a valid rule of replacement for expressions in logical proofs .

  5. Algebra of sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_of_sets

    The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".

  6. Operator associativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_associativity

    The former result corresponds to the case when + and -are left-associative, the latter to when + and -are right-associative. In order to reflect normal usage, addition , subtraction , multiplication , and division operators are usually left-associative, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] while for an exponentiation operator (if present) [ 4 ] [ better source ...

  7. Semigroup - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semigroup

    A semigroup is a set S together with a binary operation ⋅ (that is, a function ⋅ : S × S → S) that satisfies the associative property: For all a, b, c ∈ S, the equation (a ⋅ b) ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b ⋅ c) holds. More succinctly, a semigroup is an associative magma.

  8. Associative algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_algebra

    In mathematics, an associative algebra A over a commutative ring (often a field) K is a ring A together with a ring homomorphism from K into the center of A.This is thus an algebraic structure with an addition, a multiplication, and a scalar multiplication (the multiplication by the image of the ring homomorphism of an element of K).

  9. Outline of algebraic structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_algebraic...

    In mathematics, many types of algebraic structures are studied. Abstract algebra is primarily the study of specific algebraic structures and their properties. Algebraic structures may be viewed in different ways, however the common starting point of algebra texts is that an algebraic object incorporates one or more sets with one or more binary operations or unary operations satisfying a ...