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Suppose the game of Nim is played as usual with heaps of objects, but that at the start of play, every heap is restricted to have either one or two objects in it. In the normal-play convention, players take turns to remove any number of objects from a heap, and the last player to take an object from a heap is declared the winner of the game; in Misere play, that player is the loser of the game.
Partisan games are more difficult to analyze than impartial games, as the Sprague–Grundy theorem does not apply. [3] However, the application of combinatorial game theory to partisan games allows the significance of numbers as games to be seen, in a way that is not possible with impartial games.
The former resembles the thought process of a judge who is motivated to be accurate, unbiased, and impartial in her decisions; the latter resembles that of an attorney whose goal is to win a dispute using partial and selective arguments. [21] [35] Kunda proposed motivated reasoning as a general framework for understanding human reasoning. [34]
A cognitive bias is a repeating or basic misstep in thinking, assessing, recollecting, or other cognitive processes. [5] That is, a pattern of deviation from standards in judgment, whereby inferences may be created unreasonably. [ 6 ]
Dual process theory within moral psychology is an influential theory of human moral judgement that posits that human beings possess two distinct cognitive subsystems that compete in moral reasoning processes: one fast, intuitive and emotionally-driven, the other slow, requiring conscious deliberation and a higher cognitive load.
Continuous partial attention is the behavior of dividing one's attention, scanning and optimizing opportunities in an effort to not miss anything that is going on, coined in 1998 by Linda Stone. [1] While multitasking is driven by a conscious desire to be productive, continuous partial attention is an automatic process motivated by the desire ...
Making timely payments toward your credit cards and other debts and household bills is essential for keeping your credit report in good shape. For example, Experian uses an on-time rental payment ...
Impartial games can be analyzed using the Sprague–Grundy theorem, stating that every impartial game under the normal play convention is equivalent to a nimber. The representation of this nimber can change from game to game, but every possible state of any variation of an impartial game board should be able to have some nimber value.