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A pair of carbon brushes. A brush or carbon brush is an electrical contact, often made from specially prepared carbon, which conducts current between stationary and rotating parts (the latter most commonly being a rotating shaft) of an electrical machine. [1] Typical applications include electric motors, alternators and electric generators. The ...
An electrical contact is an electrical circuit component found in electrical switches, relays, connectors and circuit breakers. [1] Each contact is a piece of electrically conductive material, typically metal .
As the metal ring turns, the electric current or signal is conducted through the stationary brush to the metal ring making the connection. Additional ring/brush assemblies are stacked along the rotating axis if more than one electrical circuit is needed. Either the brushes or the rings are stationary and the other component rotates.
The contact point where a brush touches the commutator is referred to as the commutating plane. To conduct sufficient current to or from the commutator, the brush contact area is not a thin line but instead a rectangular patch across the segments. Typically the brush is wide enough to span 2.5 commutator segments.
The segments are connected to conductor windings on the rotor. Two or more stationary contacts called brushes, made of a soft conductor such as graphite, press against the commutator, making sliding electrical contact with successive segments as the rotor turns. The brushes selectively provide electric current to the windings.
When the contact is operating under power (wet), the sources of the wear are the result of high current densities in microscopic areas, and the electric arc. [2] Contact wear includes material transfer between contacts, loss of contact material due to splattering and evaporation, and oxidation or corrosion of the contacts due to high ...
The electrical contacts are usually made through a "brush" or slip ring, which results in large losses at the low voltages generated. Some of these losses can be reduced by using mercury or other easily liquefied metal or alloy ( gallium , NaK ) as the "brush", to provide essentially uninterrupted electrical contact.
The large brown molded-plastic piece in the foreground supports the brush guides and brushes (both sides), as well as the front motor bearing. The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either AC or DC power and uses an electromagnet as its stator to create its magnetic field. [1]