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Exclusion Blackwood or Voidwood. [7] was devised by Bobby Goldman [8] as an attempt to resolve the situation when the Blackwood-asker has a void. In that case, he is not interested in the partner's ace in the void suit, as he already has the first-round control; partner's ace would present a duplicated value in that case.
Exclusion Keycard Blackwood, a variant of Roman Keycard Blackwood. EKB uses a suit bid rather than a notrump bid to show a void in that suit and to exclude the named suit ace from the count of keycards. Elimination The removal, by playing a suit or suits, of safe exit cards from defenders' hands, normally in preparation for an endplay.
Bidding 4 or 5 of the minor is preemptive and shows 6–9 points with 6-card support and at least 1 singleton or void in a side suit. When responder cannot support partner's bid, the response is 1 NT, to show a bad fit and no more than 9 points (i.e. denying ability to raise or bid a new suit).
[2] [3] It is similar to Blackwood but uses 4 ♣ instead of 4NT as a relay (asking) bid to inquire about the number of aces held by partner. A further relay bid may follow to inquire about the number of kings held. Gerber is used primarily after notrump openings, responses, and rebids, making it a complement to Blackwood rather than a replacement.
3 ♦ or higher, etc. on up the line. With ace-showing responses, the responder bids the suit of the Ace, 2NT with two or more kings, and 2 ♦ with a king or less. With (unlikely) 2 aces, the responder bids 3 ♥. As a corollary, subsequent Blackwood by the opener asks for kings rather than aces.
The Grand Slam Force is a bidding convention in contract bridge that was developed by Ely Culbertson in 1936. [1] It is intended to be used in cases where the combined hands of a partnership are so strong that a slam (winning at least 12 tricks) is a near-certainty and a grand slam (winning all 13 tricks) is a possibility.
A subroutine with side effects is idempotent if multiple applications of the subroutine have the same effect on the system state as a single application, in other words if the function from the system state space to itself associated with the subroutine is idempotent in the mathematical sense. For instance, consider the following Python program:
In computer programming, an anonymous function (function literal, expression or block) is a function definition that is not bound to an identifier. Anonymous functions are often arguments being passed to higher-order functions or used for constructing the result of a higher-order function that needs to return a function. [ 1 ]