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Medical intervention Epidural administration A freshly inserted lumbar epidural catheter. The site has been prepared with tincture of iodine, and the dressing has not yet been applied. Depth markings may be seen along the shaft of the catheter. ICD-9-CM 03.90 MeSH D000767 OPS-301 code 8-910 [edit on Wikidata] Epidural administration (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, "upon" + dura mater) is a method ...
A small dose of local anaesthetic (e.g. bupivacaine) is then instilled. An opioid such as fentanyl may also be given if desired. The spinal needle is then withdrawn and the epidural catheter inserted in the standard manner. Alternatively, a two-level approach may be undertaken. The epidural space is first located in the standard manner.
In radiotherapy, radiation treatment planning (RTP) is the process in which a team consisting of radiation oncologists, radiation therapist, medical physicists and medical dosimetrists plan the appropriate external beam radiotherapy or internal brachytherapy treatment technique for a patient with cancer.
One of the major limitations of radiotherapy is that the cells of solid tumors become deficient in oxygen. Solid tumors can outgrow their blood supply, causing a low-oxygen state known as hypoxia . Oxygen is a potent radiosensitizer, increasing the effectiveness of a given dose of radiation by forming DNA-damaging free radicals.
Intrathecal administration is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal, or into the subarachnoid space so that it reaches the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is useful in several applications, such as for spinal anesthesia , chemotherapy , or pain management .
A technique called Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy may be used to adjust the radiation beam to conform with the shape of the tumor, allowing higher doses to be given to the prostate and seminal vesicles with less damage to the bladder and rectum. External beam radiation therapy is generally given over several weeks, with daily visits to a ...
Epidural steroid injection for sciatica and spinal stenosis is of unclear effect. [1] The evidence to support use in the cervical spine is not very good. [3] When medical imaging is not used to determine the proper spot for injection, ESI benefits appear to be of short-term benefit when used in sciatica. [4]
Trimix is a combination of three drugs: alprostadil, papaverine, and phentolamine. These medications work in combination to increase blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection. [1] [2] [3] Alprostadil is a prostaglandin vasodilator that allows more blood to flow into the area by relaxing the smooth muscle in the blood vessels of the penis.