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The general structure of a cardiac glycoside consists of a steroid molecule attached to a sugar and an R group. [4] The steroid nucleus consists of four fused rings to which other functional groups such as methyl, hydroxyl, and aldehyde groups can be attached to influence the overall molecule's biological activity. [4]
Digoxin, as a cardiac glycoside, has a chemical structure basically similar to that of estradiol. Digoxin has the ability to bind oestrogen receptors, and therefore it has been proposed that it might increase the risk of oestrogen-sensitive breast and uterine cancers. [ 62 ]
Cardiac glycosides like digoxin, primarily inhibit the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase), an important protein located on the surface of cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Using ATP (the cell’s energy currency), this protein facilitates the transport of extracellular potassium ions (K+) into the cell while exporting sodium ...
Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside used for the treatment of heart failure and certain kinds of heart arrhythmia. It is a phytosteroid and is similar in structure and effects to digoxin, though the effects are longer-lasting. Unlike digoxin, which is eliminated from the body via the kidneys, it is eliminated via the liver, and so can be used in ...
Convallatoxin is a natural cardiac glycoside that can be found, among others, in the plant lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis). Legend says that Apollo gave this plant to Asclepios, the Greek god of healing. [1] Lily of the valley has indeed been used medicinally to treat illness, [2] all going back to medieval times.
It was known that ouabain was a cardiac poison, but there was some speculation about its potential medical uses. [5] [22] In 1882, ouabain was first isolated from the plant by the French chemist Léon-Albert Arnaud as an amorphous substance, which he identified as a glycoside. [5] Ouabain was seen as a possible treatment for certain cardiac ...
Heart disease is a type of cardiovascular disease that affects the heart’s structure and function. Several different heart conditions fall under the umbrella term for heart disease.
Proscillaridin is a cardiac glycoside, a kind of drug that can be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). It is of the bufanolide type and can be obtained from plants of the genus Scilla and in Drimia maritima (Scilla maritima). [1] The aglycone of proscillaridin is scillarenin.