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In practice, algorithms have been designed only for polynomials with coefficients in a finite field, in the field of rationals or in a finitely generated field extension of one of them. All factorization algorithms, including the case of multivariate polynomials over the rational numbers, reduce the problem to this case; see polynomial ...
For univariate polynomials, multiple factors are equivalent to multiple roots (over a suitable extension field). For univariate polynomials over the rationals (or more generally over a field of characteristic zero), Yun's algorithm exploits this to efficiently factorize the polynomial into square-free factors, that is, factors that are not a ...
The Cantor–Zassenhaus algorithm takes as input a square-free polynomial (i.e. one with no repeated factors) of degree n with coefficients in a finite field whose irreducible polynomial factors are all of equal degree (algorithms exist for efficiently factoring arbitrary polynomials into a product of polynomials satisfying these conditions, for instance, () / ((), ′ ()) is a squarefree ...
These factorizations work not only over the complex numbers, but also over any field, where either –1, 2 or –2 is a square. In a finite field , the product of two non-squares is a square; this implies that the polynomial x 4 + 1 , {\displaystyle x^{4}+1,} which is irreducible over the integers, is reducible modulo every prime number .
In mathematics, particularly computational algebra, Berlekamp's algorithm is a well-known method for factoring polynomials over finite fields (also known as Galois fields). The algorithm consists mainly of matrix reduction and polynomial GCD computations. It was invented by Elwyn Berlekamp in 1967.
The main problem here is to find efficiently a nonzero zero-divisor in the algebra. The GRH is used only to take roots in finite fields in polynomial time. Thus the Evdokimov algorithm, in fact, solves a polynomial equation over a finite field "by radicals" in quasipolynomial time.
The second-fastest is the multiple polynomial quadratic sieve, and the fastest is the general number field sieve. The Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization is named after Hendrik Lenstra . Practically speaking, ECM is considered a special-purpose factoring algorithm, as it is most suitable for finding small factors.
In number theory, Berlekamp's root finding algorithm, also called the Berlekamp–Rabin algorithm, is the probabilistic method of finding roots of polynomials over the field with elements. The method was discovered by Elwyn Berlekamp in 1970 [ 1 ] as an auxiliary to the algorithm for polynomial factorization over finite fields.