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C, AC, Split-C, Parallel C Preprocessor Unified Parallel C ( UPC ) is an extension of the C programming language designed for high-performance computing on large-scale parallel machines , including those with a common global address space ( SMP and NUMA ) and those with distributed memory (e. g. clusters ).
In computing, POSIX Threads, commonly known as pthreads, is an execution model that exists independently from a programming language, as well as a parallel execution model. It allows a program to control multiple different flows of work that overlap in time.
The language C* adds to C a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. For the CM-2 models the C* compiler translated the code into serial C, calling PARIS (Parallel Instruction Set) functions, and passed the resulting code to the front end computer's native compiler.
Parallel computer systems have difficulties with caches that may store the same value in more than one location, with the possibility of incorrect program execution. These computers require a cache coherency system, which keeps track of cached values and strategically purges them, thus ensuring correct program execution.
In this way, multiple processes are part-way through execution at a single instant, but only one process is being executed at that instant. [citation needed] Concurrent computations may be executed in parallel, [3] [6] for example, by assigning each process to a separate processor or processor core, or distributing a computation across a network.
Atanasoff–Berry computer, the first computer with parallel processing [1] Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is the parallel or simultaneous execution of a sequence of instructions in a computer program. More specifically, ILP refers to the average number of instructions run per step of this parallel execution. [2]: 5
"Embarrassingly" is used here to refer to parallelization problems which are "embarrassingly easy". [4] The term may imply embarrassment on the part of developers or compilers: "Because so many important problems remain unsolved mainly due to their intrinsic computational complexity, it would be embarrassing not to develop parallel implementations of polynomial homotopy continuation methods."
Parallel Thread Execution (PTX or NVPTX [1]) is a low-level parallel thread execution virtual machine and instruction set architecture used in Nvidia's Compute Unified Device Architecture programming environment.