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5743 19225 Ensembl ENSG00000073756 ENSMUSG00000032487 UniProt P35354 Q05769 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000963 NM_011198 RefSeq (protein) NP_000954 NP_035328 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 186.67 – 186.68 Mb Chr 1: 149.98 – 149.98 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (HUGO PTGS2), is an enzyme that in humans is ...
COX is a common target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The most significant difference between the isoenzymes, which allows for selective inhibition, is the substitution of isoleucine at position 523 in COX-1 with valine in COX-2. The smaller Val 523 residue in COX-2 allows access to a hydrophobic side-pocket in the enzyme (which Ile 523 ...
In 1991 the existence of the COX-2 enzyme was confirmed by being cloned by Dr. Dan Simmons at Brigham Young University. Before the confirmation of COX-2 existence, the Dupont company had developed a compound, DuP-697, that was potent in many anti-inflammatory assays but did not have the ulcerogenic effects of NSAIDs. Once the COX-2 enzyme was ...
The inhibition of COX-2 is paramount for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic function of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. However, with regard to this drug's promise for the therapy of advanced cancers, it is unclear whether the inhibition of COX-2 plays a dominant role, and this has become a controversial and intensely researched issue.
The underlying mechanism for the deleterious effect proposes that endothelial cells lining the microvasculature in the body express COX-2, whose selective inhibition results in levels of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin) down-regulated relative to thromboxane (since COX-1 in platelets is unaffected).
PGI 2, derived primarily from COX-2 in humans, is the major arachidonate metabolite released from the vascular endothelium. This is a controversial point, some assign COX 1 as the major prostacyclin producing cyclooxygenase in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels.
17709 Ensembl ENSG00000198712 ENSMUSG00000064354 UniProt P00403 P00405 RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a NP_904331 Location (UCSC) Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Location of the MT-CO2 gene in the human mitochondrial genome. MT-CO2 is one of the three cytochrome c oxidase subunit mitochondrial genes (orange boxes ...
Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (HUGO PTGS1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In humans it is one of three cyclooxygenases .