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The Apollonian and the Dionysian are philosophical and literary concepts represented by a duality between the figures of Apollo and Dionysus from Greek mythology.Its popularization is widely attributed to the work The Birth of Tragedy by Friedrich Nietzsche, though the terms had already been in use prior to this, [1] such as in the writings of poet Friedrich Hölderlin, historian Johann ...
Dionysian Dithyrambs (German: Dionysos-Dithyramben), also called Dionysus-Dithyrambs, is a collection of nine poems written in second half of 1888 by Friedrich Nietzsche under the pen name of Dionysos.
Nietzsche's view of Jesus in The Antichrist follows Tolstoy in separating Jesus from the Church and emphasizing the concept of "non-resistance", but uses it as a basis for his own development of the "psychology of the Savior". [27] Nietzsche does not demur of Jesus, conceding that he was the only one true Christian. [28]
Nietzsche found in classical Athenian tragedy an art form that transcended the pessimism and nihilism of a fundamentally meaningless world. Originally educated as a philologist, Nietzsche discusses the history of the tragic form and introduces an intellectual dichotomy between the Dionysian and the Apollonian (very loosely: reality as disordered and undifferentiated by forms versus reality as ...
However, Nietzsche strongly distinguishes his Dionysus from the Dionysus of the Orphic tradition, which he considers a later corruption of the original Dionysian force. To him in the pre-Homeric world, Dionysian civilizations were marked by barbarism, cruelty, and ecstatic sexual excess, unrestrained by rational or moral principles.
The last chapter of Ecce Homo, entitled "Why I Am a Destiny", is primarily concerned with reiterating Nietzsche's thoughts on Christianity, corroborating Christianity's decadence and his ideas as to uncovering Christian morality. He signs the book "Dionysus versus the Crucified."
Euripides portrays Dionysus as aggressive and violent; [98] whereas the Gospel of John shows Jesus as peaceful and full of mercy. [98] Furthermore, The Bacchae is set within an explicitly polytheistic world, [ 98 ] but the Gospel of John admits the existence of only two gods: Jesus himself and his Father in Heaven .
Nietzsche also claimed that the oldest forms of Greek Tragedy were entirely based upon the suffering Dionysus. In Nietzsche's 1886 work Beyond Good and Evil, and later The Twilight of the Idols, The Antichrist and Ecce Homo, Dionysus is conceived as the embodiment of the unrestrained will to power. Towards the end of his life, Nietzsche ...